| 1814 | Ferdinand VII returns to the throne, rejects the liberal constitution of 1812 and rules as an absolute monarch. |
| 1820 | Liberal revolution in Cádiz, led by Colonel Rafael del Riego Núñez. The king thereupon recognises the 1812 constitution. The Liberals soon fall into two schools of thought, the moderatos and the Exaltados (radicals), who are constantly at odds. |
| 1823 | On behalf of the Holy Alliance France represses the revolution by military intervention. Absolutism is restored. |
| 1830 | In the "Pragmatic Sanction" Ferdinand VII provides for his daughter Isabella to succeed him on the throne. |
| 1834 | introduction of a moderately liberal constitution. |
| 1834-39 | First Carlist War. Don Carlos, Ferdinand VII's brother, declares himself king (Charles V) in opposition to the regency of the Queen Mother, Maria Cristina of Naples, during the minority of Isabella II. He is supported by the Basque provinces, Aragon and Cataonia, but the enterprise fails and he flees to France (1839). |
| 1843 | Isabella comes of age. |
| 1845 | Reactionary constitutional reform |
| 1847-49 | The Second Carlist War and republican risings aggravate internal conflicts. |
| 1851 | Concordat with the pope confirming the exclusive status of the Roman Catholic religion in Spain |
| 1859-60 | War on Morocco: Spain's only gain is Tetuán. |
| 1861-62 | Spain participates in the unsuccessful French expedition to Mexico |
| 1868 | Revolt led by General Prim and Marshal Serrano: Isabella is deposed and flees to France. |
| 1869 | The Cortes appoint Serrano Regent pending the choice of a new king. The candidature of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern fails because of French resistance. |
| 1871-73 | Amadeo I, a son of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, abdicates because of opposition by the left. First Rebublic established by the Cortes. |
| 1872-76 | The Third Carlist War, initiated by Don Carlos's grandson, is directed against Amadeo I and the First Republic. Mass socialist risings. |
| 1874 | Serrano becomes Dictator; end of the First Republic. restoration of the Bourbons follows a military coup led by general martinez de Campos. |
| 1874-83 | Alfonso XI, son of Isabella II, makes possible a quieter course of internal development. |
| 1876 | A new constitution provides for freedom of association and freedom of the press, but does away with jury trial and civil marriage. End of the Carlist War. |
| 1879-88 | Foundations of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party and the General Workers' Union. |
| 1885 | Regency (until 1902) of the Queen Mother, Maria Cristina of Austria, during the minority of Alfonso XIII. |
| 1890 | Introduction of universal suffrage. |
| from 1890 | Autonomist movements in Catalonia, the Basque country and Galicia. |
| 1898 | Spainsh-American War. Spain loses its last large colonies (Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico). Its only foreign possessions are now in North Africa. |
| 1899 | Spain sells the Mariana, Caroline and Pelew Islands to Germany. |
| 1904 | Agreement on Morocco between Spain and France. |
| 1909 | Beginning of campaign in Morocco against the Rif rising, which is not quelled until 1926. Anarcho-syndicalist (from Sindicato, trade union) rising in Barcelona. |
| 1910-12 | Prime Minister Canalejas develops a liberal cultural policy, but fails to undertake economic or social reform. Increasing emigration to America. |
| 1914-18 | Spain remains neutral in the First World War. |
| 1923 | General Primo de Rivera establishes a military dictatorship, with Alfonso XIII's approval. Dissolution of the Cortes. |
| 1925 | Primo de Rivera transforms his military dictatorship into a civil dictatorship. Reforms of financial and tax system; attempted land reform. Increasing opposition in the country. |
| 1926 | Spain leaves the league of Nations (re-admitted 1928). |
| 1930 | Revolutionary and republican disturbances lead to Primo de Rivera's resignation; he dies in Paris in March. |
| 1931 | After a Republican victory in local government elections Alfonso XIII leaves the country. beginning of the Second Republic. |
